{"id":165,"date":"2021-03-02T13:25:01","date_gmt":"2021-03-02T13:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/business-consulting\/"},"modified":"2024-08-21T17:14:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T17:14:48","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"165\" class=\"elementor elementor-165\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33d00d4 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"33d00d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81ec4c5\" data-id=\"81ec4c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a97416 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a97416\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Who to trust?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a155d9 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a155d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Who to follow?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eef20b8 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eef20b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Who to obey?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19b57ad elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19b57ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These questions are central to our systems of government. A government cannot function if it does not have authority &#8211; but that authority is often taken for granted.\u00a0<\/p><p>Where does authority come from? What is it based on? How is it maintained &#8211; or lost? These are the questions which the <b><i> Foundations of Institutional Authority<\/i><\/b> project will explore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3724ab7 animated-fast elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3724ab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Find Out More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e5914c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"7e5914c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-09d0a0d\" data-id=\"09d0a0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41538dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"41538dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UCD-logo-transparent-1-e1684862145864-736x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-841\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UCD-logo-transparent-1-e1684862145864-736x1024.png 736w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UCD-logo-transparent-1-e1684862145864-216x300.png 216w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UCD-logo-transparent-1-e1684862145864-768x1068.png 768w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UCD-logo-transparent-1-e1684862145864-9x12.png 9w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UCD-logo-transparent-1-e1684862145864-467x650.png 467w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UCD-logo-transparent-1-e1684862145864.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e222a2a\" data-id=\"e222a2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba7ca31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba7ca31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/LOGO-ERC_negatif-e1684863677500-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-857\" alt=\"ERC Logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/LOGO-ERC_negatif-e1684863677500-1.png 804w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/LOGO-ERC_negatif-e1684863677500-1-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/LOGO-ERC_negatif-e1684863677500-1-768x779.png 768w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/LOGO-ERC_negatif-e1684863677500-1-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/LOGO-ERC_negatif-e1684863677500-1-641x650.png 641w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24d806\" data-id=\"c24d806\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21d59a3 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"21d59a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6475ba51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"6475ba51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7068f778 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"7068f778\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5804d4d\" data-id=\"5804d4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae1935 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ae1935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our project examines a question that is fundamental to systems of constitutional government: from where do public institutions get their authority?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cda6a5 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"3cda6a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-89c780b animated-fast elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"89c780b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c7c926\" data-id=\"6c7c926\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90f7767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90f7767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Constitutional law<\/strong> tends to assume that authority comes from the law: that people comply with an instruction because it comes from an official designated by law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e86730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e86730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBut the reality is often much more complicated. An institution&#8217;s authority may be influenced by multiple factors: its history, identity, popularity, or levels of public trust. An institution\u2019s authority can also change over time. It can become stronger &#8211; or it can collapse.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-468ccf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"468ccf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The goal of the research is to investigate this issue by talking directly to the people whose views shape institutional authority: political leaders, government officials and &#8211; most importantly &#8211; ordinary people. By asking people their views on the institutions that govern them, the project team hopes to build a better understanding of how constitutional systems actually operate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca41a24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"ca41a24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-eabd4d5\" data-id=\"eabd4d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-250bd8f animated-fast elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"250bd8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Find Out More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a170e5\" data-id=\"0a170e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d1345 animated-fast elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"95d1345\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Get Involved<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09b560a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"09b560a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-735f9bb\" data-id=\"735f9bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-da94277 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"da94277\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-00d138c\" data-id=\"00d138c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11da633 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11da633\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <b><i>Foundations of Institutional Authority<\/i><\/b> (FIAT) is an interdisciplinary research project based at the Centre for Constitutional Studies in the Sutherland School of Law, University College Dublin and funded by a European Research Council Consolidator grant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d85782e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"d85782e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:600}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-05a227f\" data-id=\"05a227f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b896aa3\" data-id=\"b896aa3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69a7be1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"69a7be1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1021\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/erc_logo.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-220\" alt=\"ERC Logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/erc_logo.png 1021w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/erc_logo-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/erc_logo-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/erc_logo-768x770.png 768w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/erc_logo-648x650.png 648w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1021px) 100vw, 1021px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-77b65f7\" data-id=\"77b65f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fdb6fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8fdb6fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5211\" height=\"2451\" src=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-240\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3.png 5211w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3-1024x482.png 1024w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3-768x361.png 768w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3-1536x722.png 1536w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3-2048x963.png 2048w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Asset-1@10x-3-650x306.png 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5211px) 100vw, 5211px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a418197\" data-id=\"a418197\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d02bba1 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d02bba1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 819877)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96080c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"96080c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e789a35\" data-id=\"e789a35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c25bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95c25bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">News &amp; Events <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1f5f22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-uicore-post-grid\" data-id=\"d1f5f22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uicore-post-grid.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uicore-grid-container uicore-blog-grid uicore-grid-row uicore-horizontal uicore-landscape-ratio uicore-large-space animate-1 uicore-blog-widget\">\n            <div class=\"uicore-grid-item uicore-col-lg-12  uicore-zoom uicore-animate post-1048 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-public-law category-publication category-sweden\" >\n                <article class=\"uicore-post\">\n                    <div class=\"uicore-post-wrapper\">\n\n                        \n                        <div class=\"uicore-post-info\">\n                            <div class=\"uicore-post-info-wrapper\">\n                                                                <div class=\"uicore-post-category uicore-body\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/public-law\/\" title=\"View Public Law posts\">Public Law<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/publication\/\" title=\"View Publication posts\">Publication<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/sweden\/\" title=\"View Sweden posts\">Sweden<\/a>                                <\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/sweden-welfare-state\/\" title=\"View Post: Perceptions\u00a0of Sweden&#8217;s Welfare State: Cause for Concern? \">                              <h4 class=\"uicore-post-title\">Perceptions\u00a0of Sweden&#8217;s Welfare State: Cause for Concern?<\/h4>\n                              <\/a><p>This article critically explores&nbsp;perceptions&nbsp;of the Swedish welfare state, three decades after the much-documented Choice Revolution fundamentally altered the traditional model. This research examines qualitative data from focus group interviews conducted in Sweden in 2021 and 2022. This paper investigates the&nbsp;current status&nbsp;of folkhemmet&nbsp;(the people&#8217;s home) according to those who experience it. From its peak in the [&hellip;]<\/p><div class=\"uicore-post-footer uicore-body\"><span>February 20, 2026<\/span><\/div>                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n        \n            <div class=\"uicore-grid-item uicore-col-lg-12  uicore-zoom uicore-animate post-1046 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-public-law category-publication category-sweden\" >\n                <article class=\"uicore-post\">\n                    <div class=\"uicore-post-wrapper\">\n\n                        \n                        <div class=\"uicore-post-info\">\n                            <div class=\"uicore-post-info-wrapper\">\n                                                                <div class=\"uicore-post-category uicore-body\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/public-law\/\" title=\"View Public Law posts\">Public Law<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/publication\/\" title=\"View Publication posts\">Publication<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/sweden\/\" title=\"View Sweden posts\">Sweden<\/a>                                <\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/migration-crime-politics-sweden\/\" title=\"View Post: Migration, Crime, and Politics: Democratic Decay in Sweden and Ireland \">                              <h4 class=\"uicore-post-title\">Migration, Crime, and Politics: Democratic Decay in Sweden and Ireland<\/h4>\n                              <\/a><p>By examining the&nbsp;current status&nbsp;of Sweden&#8217;s constitutional democracy, this book addresses two complex societal problems: forced migration and democratic decay. The interdisciplinary empirical approach finds a relationship between right-wing populism and non-Western migration to Sweden. Based on extensive qualitative research with Swedish residents, the book develops both the meta-concept of democratic decay and&nbsp;crimmigration&nbsp;theory. Significantly, the book [&hellip;]<\/p><div class=\"uicore-post-footer uicore-body\"><span>February 20, 2026<\/span><\/div>                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n        \n            <div class=\"uicore-grid-item uicore-col-lg-12  uicore-zoom uicore-animate post-1043 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-public-law category-publication\" >\n                <article class=\"uicore-post\">\n                    <div class=\"uicore-post-wrapper\">\n\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/legal-response-covid-19\/\" title=\"View Post: Ireland: Legal Response to Covid-19\" >  <div class=\"uicore-blog-img-container uicore-zoom-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"uicore-cover-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/OUP-1.png)\"><\/div>\n                                        <\/div><\/a>\n                        <div class=\"uicore-post-info\">\n                            <div class=\"uicore-post-info-wrapper\">\n                                                                <div class=\"uicore-post-category uicore-body\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/public-law\/\" title=\"View Public Law posts\">Public Law<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/category\/publication\/\" title=\"View Publication posts\">Publication<\/a>                                <\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/legal-response-covid-19\/\" title=\"View Post: Ireland: Legal Response to Covid-19 \">                              <h4 class=\"uicore-post-title\">Ireland: Legal Response to Covid-19<\/h4>\n                              <\/a><p>By Eoin Carolan, Silvia Gagliardi,\u00a0Se\u00e1na Glennon, Ailbhe O&#8217;Neill\u00a0in\u00a0Jeff King and Oct\u00e1vio LM Ferraz et al (eds.) The Oxford Compendium of National Legal Responses to Covid-19 (OUP, 2021). Abstract This details the Irish response to Covid 19 from legislation enacted to guidance and policy issuance across all of Irish life.\u00a0 Keywords:\u00a0Constitutional culture; Covid-19; Sociological constitutionalism Link [&hellip;]<\/p><div class=\"uicore-post-footer uicore-body\"><span>February 20, 2026<\/span><\/div>                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who to trust? Who to follow? Who to obey? These questions are central to our systems of government. A government cannot function if it does not have authority &#8211; but that authority is often taken for granted.\u00a0 Where does authority come from? What is it based on? How is it maintained &#8211; or lost? These [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-165","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Home - FIAT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Home - FIAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Who to trust? 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Who to follow? Who to obey? These questions are central to our systems of government. A government cannot function if it does not have authority &#8211; but that authority is often taken for granted.\u00a0 Where does authority come from? What is it based on? How is it maintained &#8211; or lost? 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