{"id":414,"date":"2021-05-27T17:25:03","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T17:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/?page_id=414"},"modified":"2021-08-09T17:40:09","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T17:40:09","slug":"find-out-more","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/pl\/find-out-more\/","title":{"rendered":"Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"414\" class=\"elementor elementor-414\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ae9d325 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"4ae9d325\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-781082ff\" data-id=\"781082ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-584068a4 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"584068a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Co to jest autorytet?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62aa3d5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62aa3d5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Projekt FIAT wykorzystuje definicj\u0119 w\u0142adzy jako <strong><u>prewencyjny i niezale\u017cny od tre\u015bci pow\u00f3d do dzia\u0142ania<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p><p>Innymi s\u0142owy, Osoba A ma w\u0142adz\u0119, je\u015bli Osoba B uwa\u017ca, \u017ce powinna post\u0119powa\u0107 zgodnie z jej instrukcjami <strong><u>poniewa\u017c instrukcja pochodzi od osoby A<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p><p>Jednym z przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w mo\u017ce by\u0107 sytuacja, w kt\u00f3rej zawodnik otrzymuje od swojego trenera polecenie zmiany pozycji na boisku podczas meczu. Zawodnikowi mo\u017ce si\u0119 wydawa\u0107, \u017ce zmiana pozycji to z\u0142y pomys\u0142. Mog\u0105 nie chcie\u0107 tego robi\u0107. Lub mog\u0105 w og\u00f3le nie mie\u0107 zdecydowanego pogl\u0105du na kierunek. Chodzi o to, \u017ce czuj\u0105, \u017ce powinni post\u0119powa\u0107 zgodnie z instrukcj\u0105, poniewa\u017c to ich trener j\u0105 wyda\u0142.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c30b7a6 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"c30b7a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12c22e6\" data-id=\"12c22e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c3f5f02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"c3f5f02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e7ce35\" data-id=\"7e7ce35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d85ee0c animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d85ee0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dlaczego projekt koncentruje si\u0119 na autorytecie?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8f198f animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8f198f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Projekt wykorzystuje autorytet jako ramy analityczne do badania relacji mi\u0119dzyinstytucjonalnych w r\u00f3\u017cnych systemach rz\u0105dzenia. Innymi s\u0142owy, projekt przygl\u0105da si\u0119 w\u0142adzy ze wzgl\u0119du na to, co naszym zdaniem powie nam og\u00f3lnie o rz\u0105dzie konstytucyjnym.<\/p><p>W\u0142adza zosta\u0142a wybrana, poniewa\u017c jest wa\u017cn\u0105, ale niedostatecznie zbadan\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 tego, co wiemy o podziale w\u0142adzy.<\/p><p>Wiele bada\u0144 nad tr\u00f3jpodzia\u0142em w\u0142adzy skupia si\u0119 na niezale\u017cno\u015bci instytucji. Chocia\u017c niezale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 ma kluczowe znaczenie dla ka\u017cdego podzia\u0142u w\u0142adzy, jest to tylko jedna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 historii. Niezale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 chroni w\u0142adz\u0119 instytucji \u2013 ale niewiele nam m\u00f3wi o tym, kiedy i jak ta w\u0142adza zostanie wykorzystana.<\/p><p>I tu w\u0142a\u015bnie wkracza w\u0142adza. Ch\u0119\u0107 instytucji do skorzystania ze swoich uprawnie\u0144 jest, jak s\u0105dzimy, zwi\u0105zana z jej w\u0142adz\u0105 w tym zakresie. Dlatego badaj\u0105c autorytet instytucji, mo\u017cemy dowiedzie\u0107 si\u0119 znacznie wi\u0119cej o tym, jak faktycznie funkcjonuj\u0105 relacje mi\u0119dzy nimi.<\/p><p>Mo\u017cesz przeczyta\u0107 wi\u0119cej o pomy\u015ble, \u017ce analiza podzia\u0142u w\u0142adzy powinna dotyczy\u0107 zar\u00f3wno niezale\u017cno\u015bci, jak i autorytetu tutaj:\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4015bb4b animated-fast elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4015bb4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3882956\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Czytaj wi\u0119cej<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c3060ab elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"c3060ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f7f639\" data-id=\"4f7f639\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad3e7a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"ad3e7a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-77c7492\" data-id=\"77c7492\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bdd41a animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0bdd41a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dlaczego projekt jest realizowany w\u0142a\u015bnie teraz?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df3ec14 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df3ec14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Powszechnie wiadomo, \u017ce tradycyjne prawne koncepcje w\u0142adzy maj\u0105 ograniczenia. Podstawowym za\u0142o\u017ceniem wielu system\u00f3w konstytucyjnych jest to, \u017ce prawo nadaje w\u0142adz\u0119 urz\u0119dnikom; i \u017ce formalne wskaz\u00f3wki tych urz\u0119dnik\u00f3w b\u0119d\u0105 rozumiane i wykonywane jako polecenia. Porz\u0105dek prawny nakazuj\u0105cy osobie zrobienie czego\u015b by\u0142 historycznie znany jako <em>dekret<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mo\u017cna to opisa\u0107 jako koncepcj\u0119 \u201e<strong><u>w\u0142adza jako rozkaz<\/u><\/strong>\u201d. Postrzega autorytet jako co\u015b sta\u0142ego i stabilnego. Jest to okre\u015blone przez prawo i dlatego jest przestrzegane.<\/p><p>W rzeczywisto\u015bci jednak wydaje si\u0119 jasne, \u017ce autorytet instytucji \u2013 lub rz\u0105du jako ca\u0142o\u015bci \u2013 jest spraw\u0105 bardziej z\u0142o\u017con\u0105. Dzieje si\u0119 tak zw\u0142aszcza w czasach, gdy idea \u201ew\u0142adzy jako rozkazu\u201d zosta\u0142a os\u0142abiona przez pojawienie si\u0119 innych potencjalnych \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 w\u0142adzy i rosn\u0105c\u0105 nieufno\u015b\u0107 spo\u0142eczn\u0105 do polityki lub rz\u0105du jak zwykle.<\/p><p>Oznacza to, \u017ce uwa\u017camy, \u017ce autorytet powinien by\u0107 postrzegany jako <strong><u>prawo<\/u><\/strong> zamiast a <strong><u>Komenda<\/u><\/strong>. Autorytet, z tego punktu widzenia, jest niestabilny i mo\u017ce zmienia\u0107 si\u0119 w czasie. Kiedy instytucja kieruje osob\u0119 lub inn\u0105 instytucj\u0119 do zrobienia czego\u015b, twierdzi, \u017ce jest do tego upowa\u017cniona. Sukces tego roszczenia b\u0119dzie zale\u017ca\u0142 od podstaw w\u0142adzy tej instytucji w jej systemie rz\u0105d\u00f3w. W\u0142a\u015bnie temu ma s\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 projekt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e3c6326 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"e3c6326\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-babadf0\" data-id=\"babadf0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46bfcc3 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"46bfcc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1750\" height=\"1697\" src=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-597\" alt=\"The problem with authority 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218.png 1750w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218-300x291.png 300w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218-1024x993.png 1024w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218-768x745.png 768w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218-1536x1489.png 1536w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218-650x630.png 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1750px) 100vw, 1750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a50630 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7a50630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1745\" height=\"1697\" src=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-e1628529701821.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-595\" alt=\"The problem with authority 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-e1628529701821.png 1745w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-e1628529701821-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-e1628529701821-1024x996.png 1024w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-e1628529701821-768x747.png 768w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-e1628529701821-1536x1494.png 1536w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-e1628529701821-650x632.png 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1745px) 100vw, 1745px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-149dad4b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"149dad4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-595c5022\" data-id=\"595c5022\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35a81336 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"35a81336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1652\" src=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-326\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-1024x661.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-1536x991.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-2048x1322.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/diagram1-1-650x420.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b9af26\" data-id=\"8b9af26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-57cd163a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"57cd163a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-748a293d elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"748a293d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-546e626b\" data-id=\"546e626b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10dfec24 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"10dfec24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jak bada\u0107 autorytet?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78a4e682 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78a4e682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W ramach projektu zbadane zostan\u0105 autorytety przy u\u017cyciu kombinacji r\u00f3\u017cnych metod z r\u00f3\u017cnych dyscyplin akademickich.<\/p><p>Dzieje si\u0119 tak, poniewa\u017c wierzymy, \u017ce ka\u017cde z tych r\u00f3\u017cnych podej\u015b\u0107 opowiada wa\u017cn\u0105, ale niekompletn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 historii tego, jak dzia\u0142aj\u0105 nasze systemy rz\u0105dzenia.<\/p><p>Na przyk\u0142ad jednym ze sposob\u00f3w spojrzenia na autorytet instytucji jest analiza jej formalnych uprawnie\u0144 prawnych. Dzi\u0119ki temu dowiemy si\u0119, jak\u0105 moc prawn\u0105 ma instytucja i kiedy mo\u017ce z niej skorzysta\u0107. Nie powie nam jednak, czy instytucja faktycznie skorzysta z tych uprawnie\u0144 ani czy kto\u015b si\u0119 do nich zastosuje.<\/p><p>Innym sposobem spojrzenia na autorytet instytucji jest ankieta w\u015br\u00f3d ludzi na temat jej popularno\u015bci. Da to wyobra\u017cenie o pogl\u0105dach opinii publicznej na instytucj\u0119, o tym, czy jej ufaj\u0105, czy raczej uznaj\u0105 jej wskaz\u00f3wki za uzasadnione. To jednak niekoniecznie powie nam, jak i dlaczego doszli do posiadania tych przekona\u0144, ani kiedy ich pogl\u0105dy mog\u0105 si\u0119 zmieni\u0107.<\/p><p>Roboczym za\u0142o\u017ceniem projektu jest to, \u017ce w\u0142adza instytucji jest wzgl\u0119dna i rekurencyjna: innymi s\u0142owy, istnieje sta\u0142y zwi\u0105zek mi\u0119dzy formalnymi regu\u0142ami prawnymi a kontekstem spo\u0142ecznym, w kt\u00f3rym dzia\u0142aj\u0105, kt\u00f3ry kszta\u0142tuje i przekszta\u0142ca w\u0142adz\u0119 instytucji.<\/p><p>Wykorzystuj\u0105c r\u00f3\u017cne techniki do zbadania, w jaki spos\u00f3b w\u0142adza jest ustanawiana i utrzymywana w r\u00f3\u017cnych systemach, partnerzy projektu maj\u0105 nadziej\u0119 dowiedzie\u0107 si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o tej relacji i sposobie jej dzia\u0142ania.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-200419ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default magic-button-disabled-no\" data-id=\"200419ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-366c9dd9\" data-id=\"366c9dd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf04bd4 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cf04bd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsza lektura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bea62f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bea62f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTen artyku\u0142 z 2016 roku omawia niekt\u00f3re idee, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 kluczowe dla projektu FIAT. Twierdzi, \u017ce istniej\u0105 dwa minimalne warunki skutecznego systemu tr\u00f3jpodzia\u0142u w\u0142adzy: niezale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 i w\u0142adza; i \u017ce rola w\u0142adzy jest cz\u0119sto pomijana.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb5af4a elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5eb5af4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Carolan-Cambridge-paper-2016.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u015bci\u0105gnij PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is authority? The FIAT project uses a definition of authority as a pre-emptive and content-independent reason for action. In other words, Person A has authority if Person B feels they should follow their instruction because the instruction came from Person A. One example might be where a sports player is directed by their coach [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-414","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Find Out More - FIAT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/pl\/find-out-more\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Find Out More - FIAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is authority? 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One example might be where a sports player is directed by their coach [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/pl\/find-out-more\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FIAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-09T17:40:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/\",\"name\":\"Find Out More - FIAT\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-27T17:25:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-09T17:40:09+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-2021-08-09-at-17.56.05-1-e1628529631218.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/find-out-more\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Find Out More\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/\",\"name\":\"FIAT\",\"description\":\"My WordPress Blog\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej - FIAT","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/pl\/find-out-more\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Find Out More - FIAT","og_description":"What is authority? 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