{"id":414,"date":"2021-05-27T17:25:03","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T17:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/?page_id=414"},"modified":"2021-08-09T17:40:09","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T17:40:09","slug":"find-out-more","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/sv\/find-out-more\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00e5 reda p\u00e5 mer"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vad \u00e4r auktoritet?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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FIAT-projektet anv\u00e4nder en definition av auktoritet som ett f\u00f6rebyggande och inneh\u00e5llsoberoende sk\u00e4l till handling<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>

Med andra ord, person A har auktoritet om person B anser att de b\u00f6r f\u00f6lja deras instruktioner eftersom instruktionen kom fr\u00e5n person A<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>

Ett exempel kan vara n\u00e4r en idrottsspelare blir h\u00e4nvisad av sin tr\u00e4nare att byta position p\u00e5 planen under en match. Sportspelaren kanske tycker att bytet av positioner \u00e4r en d\u00e5lig id\u00e9. De kanske inte vill g\u00f6ra det. Eller s\u00e5 kanske de inte alls har en stark syn p\u00e5 riktningen. Po\u00e4ngen \u00e4r att de k\u00e4nner att de ska f\u00f6lja instruktionerna eftersom det \u00e4r deras tr\u00e4nare som har gett den.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Varf\u00f6r fokuserar projektet p\u00e5 auktoritet?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Projektet anv\u00e4nder auktoritet som ett analytiskt ramverk f\u00f6r att unders\u00f6ka interinstitutionella relationer i olika f\u00f6rvaltningssystem. Med andra ord, projektet tittar p\u00e5 auktoriteter p\u00e5 grund av vad vi tror som kommer att ber\u00e4tta om konstitutionellt styre mer generellt.<\/p>

Auktoritet valdes f\u00f6r att det \u00e4r en viktig men underutforskad del av vad vi vet om maktdelning.<\/p>

Mycket av forskningen om maktdelning \u00e4r inriktad p\u00e5 institutionernas oberoende. \u00c4ven om oberoende \u00e4r avg\u00f6rande f\u00f6r all maktdelning, \u00e4r det bara en del av historien. Oberoende skyddar makten hos en institution \u2013 men det s\u00e4ger oss inte mycket om n\u00e4r eller hur den makten kommer att anv\u00e4ndas.<\/p>

Det \u00e4r d\u00e4r auktoritet kommer in. En institutions vilja att anv\u00e4nda sina befogenheter \u00e4r, tror vi, relaterad till dess auktoritet att g\u00f6ra det. Genom att unders\u00f6ka institutionernas auktoritet kan vi d\u00e4rf\u00f6r l\u00e4ra oss mycket mer om hur relationerna mellan dem faktiskt fungerar.<\/p>

Du kan l\u00e4sa mer om tanken att en maktdelningsanalys ska se till b\u00e5de oberoende och auktoritet h\u00e4r:\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Varf\u00f6r g\u00f6rs projektet nu?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Det \u00e4r v\u00e4lk\u00e4nt att det finns begr\u00e4nsningar f\u00f6r traditionella juridiska myndighetsbegrepp. Ett grundl\u00e4ggande antagande f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga konstitutionella system \u00e4r att lag ger myndighet till tj\u00e4nstem\u00e4n; och att dessa tj\u00e4nstem\u00e4ns formella instruktioner kommer att f\u00f6rst\u00e5s och lydas som kommandon. En r\u00e4ttsordning som beordrade en person att g\u00f6ra n\u00e5got var historiskt k\u00e4nd som en fiat<\/em>.<\/p>

Detta kan beskrivas som begreppet "myndighet som kommando<\/u><\/strong>\u201d. Den ser auktoritet som n\u00e5got som \u00e4r fixerat och stabilt. Den ges i lag och f\u00f6ljs av den anledningen.<\/p>

I verkligheten f\u00f6refaller det dock uppenbart att en institutions \u2013 eller en regering som helhet \u2013 befogenheter \u00e4r en mer komplex fr\u00e5ga. Det \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt fallet i en tid d\u00e5 id\u00e9n om "myndighet som kommando" har f\u00f6rsvagats av uppkomsten av andra potentiella auktoritetsk\u00e4llor och av v\u00e4xande allm\u00e4nhetens misstro mot politik eller regering som vanligt.<\/p>

Detta inneb\u00e4r, anser vi, att auktoritet b\u00f6r ses som en krav<\/u><\/strong> snarare \u00e4n a kommando<\/u><\/strong>. Auktoritet \u00e4r enligt denna uppfattning instabil och kan f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras \u00f6ver tid. N\u00e4r en institution uppmanar en person eller annan institution att g\u00f6ra n\u00e5got, h\u00e4vdar den att den har befogenhet att g\u00f6ra det. Framg\u00e5ngen f\u00f6r detta anspr\u00e5k kommer att bero p\u00e5 grunderna f\u00f6r den institutionens auktoritet inom dess regeringssystem. Det \u00e4r vad projektet syftar till att unders\u00f6ka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hur kan man utreda myndighet?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Projektet kommer att unders\u00f6ka auktoritet med hj\u00e4lp av en kombination av olika metoder fr\u00e5n olika akademiska discipliner.<\/p>

Det g\u00f6r det f\u00f6r att vi tror att var och en av dessa olika tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt ber\u00e4ttar en viktig men ofullst\u00e4ndig del av historien om hur v\u00e5ra regeringssystem fungerar.<\/p>

Till exempel \u00e4r ett s\u00e4tt att se p\u00e5 en institutions auktoritet att analysera dess formella juridiska befogenheter. Detta kommer att ber\u00e4tta f\u00f6r oss hur mycket juridisk makt en institution har och n\u00e4r den har r\u00e4tt att anv\u00e4nda den. Det kommer dock inte att ber\u00e4tta f\u00f6r oss om institutionen faktiskt kommer att anv\u00e4nda dessa befogenheter eller om n\u00e5gon kommer att f\u00f6lja efter om den g\u00f6r det.<\/p>

Ett annat s\u00e4tt att se p\u00e5 en institutions auktoritet \u00e4r att kartl\u00e4gga m\u00e4nniskor om hur popul\u00e4r den \u00e4r. Detta kommer att ge anv\u00e4ndningen en uppfattning om allm\u00e4nhetens syn p\u00e5 en institution, om de litar p\u00e5 den eller sannolikt kommer att se dess anvisningar som legitima. Det kommer dock inte n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigtvis att ber\u00e4tta f\u00f6r oss hur eller varf\u00f6r de kom att h\u00e5lla dessa \u00f6vertygelser, eller n\u00e4r deras \u00e5sikter \u00e4r ben\u00e4gna att f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras.<\/p>

Projektets arbetsantagande \u00e4r att en institutions auktoritet \u00e4r relativ och rekursiv: med andra ord att det finns ett p\u00e5g\u00e5ende f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande mellan formella r\u00e4ttsregler och det sociala sammanhang de verkar i som formar och omformar institutionens auktoritet.<\/p>

Genom att anv\u00e4nda olika tekniker f\u00f6r att unders\u00f6ka hur auktoritet etableras och uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5lls i olika system, hoppas projektet l\u00e4ra sig mer om detta f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande och hur det fungerar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vidare l\u00e4sning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDetta dokument fr\u00e5n 2016 utforskar n\u00e5gra av de id\u00e9er som \u00e4r centrala f\u00f6r FIAT-projektet. Den h\u00e4vdar att det finns tv\u00e5 minimivillkor f\u00f6r ett effektivt maktdelningssystem: oberoende och auktoritet; och att auktoritetsrollen ofta f\u00f6rbises.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLadda ner PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is authority? The FIAT project uses a definition of authority as a pre-emptive and content-independent reason for action. In other words, Person A has authority if Person B feels they should follow their instruction because the instruction came from Person A. One example might be where a sports player is directed by their coach […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-414","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nFind Out More - FIAT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foundations.ac\/sv\/find-out-more\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Find Out More - FIAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is authority? 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The FIAT project uses a definition of authority as a pre-emptive and content-independent reason for action. In other words, Person A has authority if Person B feels they should follow their instruction because the instruction came from Person A. 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